Reader style: visual-relational
Who
- Reader: someone who asks for structure they can see: relations as graphs, sets as regions, quantities as geometry, kinds as colours, and little text.
- Expertise: any level.
- Reading mode: scans the figure first, then reads the text that remains.
This is a stated preference, not a learning style. The content advice below holds for every reader; the preference only sets how far to push it:
- diagrams that put related items next to each other save search and inference (Larkin & Simon 1987);
- words with a picture beat words alone (Mayer's multimedia principle).
Overrides
| Principle | Change | Why |
|---|---|---|
| draw relations | strengthen: any relation, set, quantity or process is drawn before it is described; the prose then refers to the figure and does not re-describe it | preference, on top of evidence that holds for all readers (learning science) |
| signal the structure | strengthen: text is a tree; one idea per line; tables and lists before paragraphs; no block past three lines | preference; the signaling effect itself is measured (typography and layout) |
| define before use | strengthen: a symbol is named in the sentence before the formula that uses it | preference, consistent with pre-training (Mayer) |
| (colour) | add: one colour per kind of thing, the same across a whole document | preference, untested; colour must never be the only cue (WCAG 2.2, 1.4.1) |
| (motion) | add: anything that changes over time is shown stepping, at the reader's pace | animation beats static pictures only modestly, depending on what is shown (Höffler & Leutner 2007; Berney & Bétrancourt 2016); letting the reader set the pace helps (Mayer & Chandler 2001) |
Thresholds
None changed.
Open questions
Whether drawing everything has a cost for this reader when the relation is trivial; untested.