Sources: typography and layout
Every source cited in the typography and layout files, scored by the protocol (first pass, one scorer).
Cited in review.md without a bibliography key, so not scored: Bringhurst, Krug, BDA style guide, Rutter, Isaac Physics and the Gestalt review. Pages that did not load score 0 on the parts unseen.
Grey sources, scored
| Key | Kind | Quality | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|
| W3C 2023b | standard guidance, tier 1 | A3.5 M5 O2.5 D1 P1 N1 I0.5 T1 = 15.5 | review.md |
| WebAIM 2026 | automated scan report, tier 2 | A3.5 M5.5 O1.5 D1 P1 N1 I1 T0.5 = 15 | position.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| W3C 2023a | standard, tier 1 | A4 M3.5 O2 D1 P1 N1 I1 T1 = 14.5 (first 100k of 270k characters read) | baseline.md, review.md |
| W3C 2026 | standard draft, tier 1 | A3.5 M4 O2 D1 P1 N1 I0.5 T1 = 14 (first 100k of 373k characters read) | position.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Nielsen Norman 2008 | company article, tier 2 | A3.5 M5.5 O1.5 D1 P1 N1 I0 T0.5 = 14 | review.md |
| Lighthouse 2026 | vendor documentation, tier 2 | A3.5 M5.5 O1.5 D1 P1 N0.5 I0.5 T0.5 = 14 | review.md |
| NN/g 2016 | company article, tier 2 | A3.5 M5 O1.5 D1 P0.5 N1 I0 T0.5 = 13 | |
| Nielsen 2006 | company article, tier 2 | A3.5 M3.5 O1.5 D1 P1 N1 I0.5 T0.5 = 12.5 | against.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Nielsen Norman 2020 | company literature review, tier 2 | A3.5 M4.5 O1.5 D1 P1 N0.5 I0 T0.5 = 12.5 | review.md |
| Nielsen 1997 | company article, tier 2 | A3.5 M3 O1.5 D1 P1 N1 I0 T0.5 = 11.5 | review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Budiu 2020 | company article, tier 2 | A3.5 M3.5 O1.5 D1 P1 N0.5 I0 T0.5 = 11.5 | review.md |
| Baymard 2022 | company blog, tier 2 | A3 M3.5 O1.5 D1 P0.5 N0.5 I0.5 T0.5 = 11 | position.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Bernard 2002 | newsletter article, tier 2 | A2.5 M4.5 O1.5 D1 P0.5 N0.5 I0 T0.5 = 11 (page names Bailey and Rubinstein, not Bernard: check the link) | against.md, baseline.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| USWDS 2026 | government design system, tier 2 | A3 M3 O1.5 D0.5 P1 N0.5 I0.5 T0.5 = 10.5 | against.md, baseline.md, position.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Moran 2016 | company article, tier 2 | A3.5 M3 O1 D1 P1 N0.5 I0 T0.5 = 10.5 | review.md |
| Deque 2026 | vendor repository, tier 2 | A3.5 M3 O1 D0 P0.5 N0.5 I1 T0.5 = 10 | review.md |
| Carbon 2026 | vendor design system, tier 2 | A3 M2.5 O1 D1 P0.5 N0.5 I0.5 T0.5 = 9.5 | review.md |
| Nielsen Norman 2019 | company article, tier 2 | A3.5 M2.5 O0.5 D1 P1 N0.5 I0 T0.5 = 9.5 | against.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Wang 2023 | company article, tier 2 | A3 M2 O1 D1 P1 N0.5 I0 T0.5 = 9 | against.md, review.md |
| APCA 2026 | advocate repository, tier 3 | A2 M4 O1 D0 P1 N1 I0 T0 = 9 | against.md, review.md |
| Pa11y 2026 | open-source repository, tier 3 | A1 M3 O2 D0.5 P1 N0.5 I1 T0 = 9 | review.md |
| GOVUK 2024 | government design system, tier 2 | A3 M2 O1.5 D0 P0.5 N0.5 I0.5 T0.5 = 8.5 | baseline.md, position.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Horn 1969 | technical report, tier 1 | A4 M6 O2.5 D1 P1 N2 I1 T1 = 18.5 (the report itself, read in the archived scan) | review.md, against.md |
| Tufte 1983 | book, tier 1 | not scored: the book was not read; the earlier entry cited Beautiful Evidence (2006), which is not where the data-ink rule is set out | review.md, against.md |
| Knuth 1989 | course notes, book, tier 1 | A0 M0 O0 D0 P0 N0 I0 T1 = 1 (not read), PDF unreadable | review.md |
| Akhmadeeva 2016 | user-group journal article, tier 2 | A0 M0 O0 D0 P0 N0 I0 T0.5 = 0.5 (not read), HTTP 403 | review.md |
Formal sources
| Key | Kind | Used in |
|---|---|---|
| Ayres 2014 | review (handbook chapter) | review.md |
| Bateman 2010 | experiment | against.md, review.md |
| Beelders 2015 | experiment | review.md |
| Cleveland 1984 | experiment | review.md |
| Conklin 1987 | survey | review.md |
| Dobres 2017 | experiment (full text read: 34 adults, single words at a glance, no long-form reading) | against.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Dyson 2004 | review | against.md, baseline.md, position.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Ginns 2006 | meta-analysis | review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Hannebauer 2018 | experiment (RCT) | against.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Kuster 2018 | experiment | against.md, baseline.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Legge 2011 | review | baseline.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Miller 1956 | review | against.md, review.md |
| Piepenbrock 2013 | experiment (RCT) | against.md, baseline.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Piepenbrock 2014 | experiment (RCT) | review.md |
| Pirolli 1999 | review (theory) | review.md |
| Rello 2013 | experiment | against.md, review.md |
| Rello 2016 | experiment | baseline.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Richter 2016 | meta-analysis | review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Schneider 2018 | meta-analysis | review.md |
| Sundararajan 2020 | meta-analysis | review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Vessey 1991 | review | review.md |
| Wery 2017 | experiment | against.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |
| Zorzi 2012 | experiment (RCT) | against.md, review.md, state-of-the-art.md |