Reader style: expert

Who

  • Reader: someone who knows the domain and reads for what is new, often arriving from a search.
  • Expertise: expert in the subject.
  • Reading mode: by search and by section, out of order; rereads to check one fact.

Overrides

Principle Change Why
worked examples with subgoals relax: show the first use of a method only, then state results expertise reversal: worked steps an expert does not need slow them down (Kalyuga et al. 2003)
define before use relax: define what is new or used in a non-standard sense; cite the rest some readers with high prior knowledge learn more from a less cohesive text that makes them infer (McNamara et al. 1996b), but strategic high-knowledge readers do better with the cohesive one (O'Reilly & McNamara 2007): relax only for high-knowledge readers who are less skilled at reading
names predict content strengthen: headings and file names carry the field's exact terms an expert navigates by search and by scent; the field's term is the query they type
one place per fact unchanged, and the cheapest win an expert follows a link without losing the thread

Thresholds

[logical_lines]
trigger = 120   # an expert reads a long reference file by search, not end to end

Open questions

Where the boundary between intermediate and expert falls for a given text is an empirical question, measured with a short pretest of prior knowledge.