Sources: the pool and its quality
27 sources: 23 read on 2026-11-02, and 4 added by a forward-citation pass on 2026-11-03. Method in protocol, terms in frame. Below 10 of 20, a grey source is an example of practice only.
Shape: sources
Flow
| Stage | Count |
|---|---|
| OpenAlex strings run | 9 |
| Title searches screened | 5 |
| Seminal works added by recall, verified | 3 |
| Forward citations screened (titles) | 586 unique, 191 read on concept |
| Forward citations added (formal) | 4 |
| Included, formal | 20 |
| Included, grey (tiers 1 to 3) | 4 |
| Grey below the threshold, examples only | 2 |
Formal
| Key | Kind | Found via | Grade | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Licklider 1960 | formal | recall | convention | frame, review |
| Parasuraman 2000 | formal | recall | convention, widely adopted | review, baseline |
| Dellermann 2019 | formal | string 2 | convention (definition) | frame, review |
| Akata 2020 | formal | string 2 | convention (agenda) | review, baseline |
| Seeber 2020 | formal | string 3 | convention (agenda from 65 scientists) | review |
| O'Neill 2020 | formal | string 4 | supported with caveat (76 articles) | review |
| Berretta 2023 | formal | string 3 | supported with caveat (scoping review) | review |
| Mosqueira-Rey 2022 | formal | string 5 | convention (state of the art) | review |
| Wu 2022b | formal | string 5 | convention (survey) | review |
| Shneiderman 2020 | formal | string 6 | convention | review |
| Amershi 2019 | formal | string 6 | supported with caveat (49 design practitioners, 20 AI-infused products) | review |
| Raisch 2021 | formal | string 7 | convention (argument) | against |
| Vaccaro 2024 | formal | string 6 | measured | against, state of the art |
| Noy 2023 | formal | string 6 | measured | state of the art |
| Zou 2025 | formal | title search | convention (survey) | review |
| Hassani 2020 | formal | string 7 | convention | review |
| Richardson 2025 | formal | forward from Parasuraman 2000 | supported with caveat (systematic review of levels-of-automation critiques) | review |
| González 2026 | formal | forward from Vaccaro 2024 and Akata 2020 | convention (complementarity framework) | review |
| Hemmer 2025 | formal | forward from Vaccaro 2024 | convention (concept of complementarity; two empirical studies) | review |
| Gómez 2025 | formal | forward from Vaccaro 2024 | supported with caveat (systematic review, 105 articles, secondary) | review, against |
Grey
Score out of 20: authority 4, methodology 6, objectivity 4, date 1, position 1, novelty 2, impact 1, outlet 1.
| Key | Tier | Score and subtotals | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Engelbart 1962 | 1, report | 16: 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1 | frame, review |
| Dell'Acqua 2023 | 1, working paper | 18: 3.5, 5.5, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1; measured | against |
| Peng 2023 | 1, preprint | 16: 3, 4.5, 3, 1, 1, 1.5, 1, 1; measured | state of the art |
| Case 2018 | 1, essay | 10.5: 3, 1, 2, 1, 0.5, 1.5, 1, 0.5 | frame |
| Anthropic 2024 | 3, company blog | 9: 3, 1.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 1, 1, 0; example of practice only | review |
| Agentic AI Foundation 2026 | 3, convention site | 6: 2, 0.5, 1.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 0; example of practice only | review |
| Garousi 2019 | formal | method of this review | protocol |